Derechos Civiles

Varios factores influyen en el valor de un veredicto de derechos civiles en Michigan, y no hay dos casos que se evalúen exactamente de la misma manera. Los tribunales y los jurados suelen considerar:

La gravedad y permanencia del daño, ya sea físico, psicológico o ambos

La fuerza y claridad de las pruebas que demuestran que ocurrió una violación constitucional

Si la conducta refleja un patrón o política más amplia, en lugar de un incidente aislado

La credibilidad y el impacto del testimonio de los testigos y del cliente durante el juicio

La posibilidad de daños punitivos cuando el jurado considera que la conducta fue especialmente imprudente o intencional

El valor del veredicto también depende mucho de la experiencia en juicios. El historial de Jon Marko incluye 20 veredictos consecutivos de siete y ocho cifras, incluido el veredicto más grande por discriminación racial y el segundo más grande por adaptación religiosa en la historia mundial. Esa experiencia influye en cómo se construye un caso desde el primer día.

Sí. Las personas encarceladas conservan sus derechos constitucionales, incluido el derecho a una atención médica adecuada bajo la protección de la Octava Enmienda contra los castigos crueles e inusuales. Cuando una cárcel, una prisión o un proveedor de atención médica correccional niega el tratamiento necesario, eso puede constituir una violación de derechos civiles.

Estos casos generalmente requieren demostrar que:

• Existía una necesidad médica grave
• Los funcionarios o el personal médico conocían esa necesidad
• Actuaron con indiferencia deliberada, es decir, algo más que simple negligencia, al negar o retrasar la atención
• Esa indiferencia causó un daño real

Marko Law obtuvo un veredicto de $307.6 millones en Jackson v. Corizon Health, el veredicto más grande contra un centro de atención médica correccional en la historia de Estados Unidos. Ese caso se centró precisamente en este tema: una persona a quien se le negó la atención médica a la que tenía derecho constitucionalmente. Reforzó que nadie, sin importar sus circunstancias, pierde su derecho a la dignidad humana básica y a recibir atención.

La elegibilidad para una demanda colectiva depende de si su situación coincide con los criterios específicos de un grupo existente o propuesto. Por lo general, usted puede calificar si:

• Usted sufrió el mismo daño, o uno sustancialmente similar, que otras personas afectadas
• El daño provino de la misma empresa, producto, política o práctica
• Su reclamo está dentro del plazo aplicable, ya que Michigan tiene plazos de prescripción que varían según el tipo de reclamo
• El número de personas afectadas es lo suficientemente grande como para que una demanda colectiva tenga más sentido que demandas individuales

No toda queja compartida califica como demanda colectiva, y a veces un reclamo individual es en realidad el mejor camino. La única forma de saberlo con certeza es que se revise su situación específica. Una evaluación gratuita de su caso puede ayudarle a entender si encaja en un grupo existente o si su caso debe avanzar por separado.

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El perfilamiento racial durante una parada de tráfico, es decir, que lo detuvieran, registraran o trataran de manera diferente por su raza y no por infracciones de tránsito reales o una sospecha razonable, puede ser una violación de sus derechos civiles.

Si esto le sucede, trate de:

• Mantener la calma y evitar agravar la situación durante la parada misma
• Pedir y anotar el nombre del agente, su número de placa y el número de la patrulla
• Anotar todo lo que recuerde lo antes posible, incluidas las palabras exactas que se usaron
• Identificar a cualquier testigo o las grabaciones de cámaras de tablero y cámaras corporales que puedan existir
• Evitar publicar detalles públicamente antes de hablar con un abogado, ya que esto puede complicar un caso

Los casos de perfilamiento racial pueden ser difíciles de probar sin documentación, y por eso actuar con rapidez es importante. Marko Law ha obtenido el veredicto por discriminación racial más grande en la historia de Michigan, y entendemos lo que se necesita para construir estos casos desde cero.

Sí. Por lo general, usted tiene un derecho de la Primera Enmienda a grabar a los agentes de policía mientras desempeñan sus funciones en público, siempre que no interfiera físicamente con su trabajo. Este derecho ha sido confirmado por tribunales de todo el país, incluso dentro de la jurisdicción de Michigan.

Algunas consideraciones prácticas:

• Mantenga una distancia razonable y evite obstruir físicamente a los agentes
• No tiene que dejar de grabar solo porque un agente se lo pida
• En la mayoría de las circunstancias, los agentes no tienen derecho a confiscar ni borrar su grabación sin una orden judicial

Si le dijeron que dejara de grabar, le quitaron el teléfono o sufrió represalias por filmar, esto podría plantear problemas de derechos civiles por separado. Documentar lo ocurrido, incluido guardar cualquier grabación, es muy importante si decide presentar un reclamo.

La inmunidad calificada es una doctrina legal que puede proteger a los funcionarios del gobierno, incluidos los agentes de policía, de responsabilidad personal en demandas por derechos civiles. Por lo general, protege a los funcionarios a menos que su conducta haya violado un derecho constitucional “claramente establecido” que un agente razonable habría conocido.

En la práctica, esto significa que:

• La inmunidad calificada suele plantearse al principio de un caso como defensa, a veces antes de que un jurado escuche los hechos
• No significa que la mala conducta no haya ocurrido. Significa que el requisito legal para responsabilizar personalmente a alguien es más alto
• Los casos con expedientes fácticos sólidos, precedentes claros y una litigación experta pueden superar, y de hecho superan, la inmunidad calificada

Esta es una de las partes más malentendidas del derecho de los derechos civiles, y es precisamente por eso que estos casos necesitan abogados que los litiguen con regularidad. El historial de juicios de Jon Marko incluye algunos de los veredictos de derechos civiles más grandes en la historia de Michigan, casos en los que se plantearon defensas de inmunidad calificada y, finalmente, no impidieron que se rindieran cuentas.

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La responsabilidad depende de cómo ocurrió la lesión. En algunos casos, el distrito escolar puede ser responsable. En otros, la responsabilidad puede involucrar a un maestro, un entrenador, un contratista, una empresa de transporte, otro estudiante o incluso al dueño de una propiedad de un tercero.

Entre las partes que podrían ser responsables se incluyen:

• Escuelas públicas o privadas
• Maestros o empleados de la escuela
• Empresas de autobuses
• Contratistas externos
• Dueños de propiedades
• Fabricantes de equipo defectuoso

Determinar quién es legalmente responsable requiere una revisión cuidadosa de las circunstancias de la lesión. Como los casos de lesiones relacionadas con la escuela suelen involucrar reglas legales particulares, es importante investigar con prontitud.

Sí, en ciertas circunstancias. Las escuelas tienen la responsabilidad de tomar medidas razonables para proteger a los estudiantes durante las actividades patrocinadas por la escuela, incluidas las excursiones. Aunque no todo accidente resulta en responsabilidad legal, una escuela puede ser responsable si la negligencia contribuyó a la lesión de un estudiante.

Algunos ejemplos pueden ser:

• Supervisión inadecuada
• Transporte inseguro
• Condiciones peligrosas en la actividad
• No seguir los procedimientos de seguridad
• Planificación u organización negligente

Como muchas escuelas públicas están protegidas por la inmunidad gubernamental en ciertas situaciones, estos casos pueden ser más complicados que otros reclamos por lesiones personales. Un abogado con experiencia puede evaluar los hechos y determinar si podría aplicarse una excepción.

Para recuperar daños por un perjuicio a la reputación, por lo general es necesario demostrar que:

• Se hizo una declaración falsa o difamatoria sobre usted
• Se comunicó a otras personas
• Causó un daño real a su reputación, su carrera o sus relaciones

La evidencia que respalda un reclamo por daño reputacional incluye:

• Ofertas de trabajo, clientes o ingresos perdidos directamente relacionados con las declaraciones falsas
• Testimonios de colegas, empleadores o miembros de la comunidad sobre cómo cambió la percepción
• Redes sociales, cobertura de noticias o comunicaciones escritas que difundieron la información falsa
• Testimonio económico pericial que cuantifique la pérdida de capacidad de ganancia
• Evidencia médica si el daño reputacional causó una lesión emocional o psicológica

Cuanto más sólido sea el rastro documental que conecte las declaraciones falsas con pérdidas tangibles, más sólido será el caso.

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Cuando se destruye evidencia importante de forma intencional o negligente, el asunto legal se conoce como “destrucción de evidencia” (spoliation of evidence).

Algunos ejemplos incluyen:

• Borrar registros electrónicos
• Destruir las bitácoras de los conductores
• Eliminar grabaciones de vigilancia
• Desechar equipo dañado
• No preservar los datos de la caja negra

Los tribunales toman muy en serio la preservación de la evidencia. Si una parte destruye evidencia que debía haberse preservado, un juez puede imponer sanciones, permitir que el jurado saque conclusiones negativas en contra de esa parte o imponer otras penalidades según las circunstancias.

Preservar la evidencia desde temprano suele ser uno de los pasos más importantes en cualquier caso de lesiones personales o de derechos civiles.

Sí, bajo ciertas circunstancias las escuelas pueden ser consideradas responsables cuando la lesión de un estudiante es resultado de negligencia.

Algunos ejemplos pueden ser:

• Supervisión inadecuada
• Condiciones peligrosas de la propiedad
• No atender riesgos de seguridad conocidos
• Contratación o retención negligente de personal
• Programas o actividades deportivas inseguros

Sin embargo, los reclamos contra las escuelas pueden complicarse por las leyes de inmunidad gubernamental y otras protecciones legales. Los hechos específicos del incidente suelen determinar si existe un reclamo válido.

Si un niño sufre una lesión grave en la escuela, es importante investigar qué sucedió y si se siguieron medidas de seguridad razonables.

Después de que se presenta una demanda, ambas partes tienen derecho a reunir evidencia antes del juicio. Las herramientas principales son:

• Interrogatorios (interrogatories) — preguntas escritas respondidas bajo juramento
• Solicitudes de documentos — correos electrónicos, contratos, informes internos, registros financieros
• Declaraciones juradas (depositions) — testimonio en vivo, bajo juramento, de testigos y representantes de la empresa
• Solicitudes de admisión — pedir a la otra parte que confirme o niegue hechos específicos
• Citaciones judiciales (subpoenas) — obligar a terceros a presentar registros o testificar

El descubrimiento puede obligar a una corporación a entregar comunicaciones internas, exponer lo que sabían quienes tomaron las decisiones y revelar encubrimientos. Es uno de los mayores equilibradores en los litigios civiles.

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If your child is injured at school, here's what matters most:

• Seek immediate medical attention — your child's health comes first
• Request an incident report from the school in writing the same day
• Photograph injuries and document your child's account while memory is fresh
• Preserve any communications from the school, including emails and text messages
• Talk to witnesses — other students, teachers, or staff who may have seen what happened
• Consult an attorney before signing any documents the school provides

Schools and school districts can be held liable for injuries caused by negligence, inadequate supervision, dangerous facilities, or failure to follow safety protocols. Michigan law governs how and when claims can be filed, and deadlines matter.

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They can be, depending on what the school knew and how it responded.

If a school had warning signs such as:

• Prior threats
• Known conflicts between students
• A history of violence

and failed to act, liability may arise.

Schools are not expected to predict every incident. But they are expected to take reasonable steps to prevent foreseeable harm.

Sometimes, yes. Schools are not automatically responsible for every act of bullying, but they do have a duty to protect students once they know about a problem.

If a school:

• Ignores repeated complaints
• Fails to follow its own anti bullying policies
• Allows harassment to escalate into harm

then liability may come into play.

Under federal laws like Title IX and Michigan civil rights protections, schools must act when bullying is tied to protected characteristics. When they do nothing, the consequences can be serious and preventable.

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Yes, under certain circumstances. False accusations may lead to a claim for defamation if:

• A false statement was made
• It was shared with others
• It harmed your reputation

If the accusation costs you your job, damages your career, or exposes you to public shame, you may have a case.

The truth matters. And when lies cause harm, the law may step in.

Absolutely, in the right case. Security footage can show:

• Dangerous conditions
• Lack of response from staff
• How long a hazard existed

For example, if a spill sits on the floor for hours and no one cleans it up, that footage can be critical.

But timing, clarity, and context matter. And in many cases, footage disappears quickly. Acting fast can make all the difference.

Responsibility depends on what went wrong. Potentially liable parties include:

• The school or school district
• Teachers or staff
• Third party contractors
• Another student in some cases

If a school knew about a danger and did nothing, that is where liability starts to take shape. These cases often come down to one question: could this have been prevented?

If the answer is yes, someone may be held accountable.

Yes, in certain situations, you may have a case. Schools have a legal duty to keep students reasonably safe. When that duty is ignored and a child gets hurt, that is not just an accident, it could be negligence.

In Michigan, claims against public schools can be complex because of governmental immunity laws. But there are exceptions. If a school fails to maintain safe premises or acts with gross negligence, you may have a claim.

At Marko Law, we fight hard and we do not back down. If your child was hurt, you deserve answers.

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In most situations, yes.

Clients generally have the right to change attorneys during an active case if they are dissatisfied with communication, strategy, responsiveness, or other aspects of representation.

Common reasons people switch attorneys include:

• Lack of communication
• Delays in case progress
• Loss of confidence in representation
• Difficulty getting questions answered

Before making a decision, it is important to understand how a change may affect deadlines, costs, and the status of your case. A new attorney can often explain the transition process and evaluate whether taking over the case makes sense.

Liability depends on the circumstances surrounding the injury.

Potentially responsible parties may include:

• The school district
• Teachers or school staff
• Bus companies
• Property owners where the field trip occurred
• Third-party activity providers

Schools generally have a duty to take reasonable steps to protect students during school-sponsored activities. If inadequate supervision, unsafe conditions, or negligence contributed to the injury, legal responsibility may exist.

Cases involving public schools can involve special legal rules and deadlines, making prompt legal evaluation important.

Discovery is the pre-trial process where both sides exchange evidence. It levels the playing field, especially when you're up against a large company or institution. It includes:

• Interrogatories — written questions the other side must answer under oath
• Depositions — sworn, recorded testimony from witnesses and key decision-makers
• Document requests — emails, policies, contracts, personnel files, and more
• Requests for admission — forcing the other side to confirm or deny key facts

Discovery can expose what a company knew, when they knew it, and what they chose to do, or not do. It's one of the most powerful tools a plaintiff's attorney has.

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Sports come with risks, but that does not mean anything goes.

Schools and coaches still have a duty to:

• Provide proper supervision
• Maintain safe equipment
• Follow safety protocols

If an injury happens because of reckless coaching, lack of supervision, or unsafe conditions, there may be a claim.

The difference between a normal sports injury and negligence is whether the risk was unnecessary and preventable.

Yes, under certain conditions. Schools must maintain reasonably safe buildings and grounds.

If a student is injured because of:

• Broken stairs
• Unsafe playground equipment
• Poorly maintained facilities

the district may be liable, especially if the danger was known and ignored.

Michigan law includes exceptions to governmental immunity for defective public buildings. When safety is neglected, accountability should follow.

Emotional distress damages are intended to compensate individuals for the psychological impact of an injury or wrongful act.

Examples may include:

• Anxiety
• Depression
• Fear
• Humiliation
• Emotional trauma
• Loss of peace of mind

In many cases, emotional distress damages are considered alongside physical injuries. Medical records, therapy records, expert testimony, and evidence showing how the injury has affected daily life may all help demonstrate these damages.

The value of emotional distress damages varies significantly based on the facts of each case.

Video can be powerful, but it is rarely enough on its own.

Courts look at the full picture:

• What happened before and after the video
• Witness testimony
• Medical records
• Expert analysis

The video shows a moment. A case tells a story. Winning requires both.

The value of a defamation case varies widely depending on the harm caused.

Courts may award damages for:

• Lost income or business opportunities
• Emotional distress
• Harm to professional reputation
• Costs associated with repairing reputational damage

In severe cases—especially when statements were made maliciously—courts may also consider punitive damages.

It depends. Simply calling someone racist may be considered an opinion, which is usually protected by the First Amendment.

However, it could become defamation if:

• The statement implies specific false facts, or
• It is made in a way that damages someone’s professional reputation.

For example, falsely accusing a teacher, business owner, or professional of discriminatory conduct could potentially lead to a defamation claim if it causes measurable harm.

These cases are highly fact-specific, and courts closely examine whether the statement is fact or opinion.

Defamation occurs when someone makes a false statement presented as fact that harms another person’s reputation.

In Michigan, defamation generally includes two forms:

• Libel – written or published false statements
• Slander – spoken false statements

To prove defamation, a plaintiff typically must show:

• A false statement about them
• Communication of that statement to others
• Harm to reputation
• Fault by the person making the statement

Certain statements—such as false accusations of criminal activity or professional misconduct—may be considered especially damaging.

Yes. You have the right to change lawyers at almost any time.

If you feel your current attorney:

• Is not communicating with you
• Is not advancing your case
• Is not treating you with respect

You may choose to hire new counsel.

In most contingency fee cases, the previous attorney may still have a claim for compensation from the final settlement—but that is handled between lawyers and should not prevent you from seeking better representation.

The more information you bring, the easier it is for your attorney to evaluate your case.

Helpful records include:

• Police or accident reports
• Photos or videos of the incident
• Medical records and bills
• Insurance correspondence
• Witness names and contact information
• Employment records showing missed work

Don’t worry if you don’t have everything. Our legal team can help gather critical evidence once we begin investigating your claim.

Title VII covers a broad range of individuals and entities involved in the employment relationship, including:

• Employees: Title VII protects employees from discrimination based on their race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, regardless of their position within the organization or employment status (full-time, part-time, temporary, etc.).
• Job applicants: Title VII prohibits discrimination against individuals applying for employment based on their protected characteristics, including during the hiring process and recruitment activities.
• Employers: Title VII applies to private employers with 15 or more employees, as well as federal, state, and local governments, employment agencies, labor organizations, and joint labor-management committees.
• Employees working abroad: In some cases, Title VII protections may extend to U.S. citizens working for U.S. employers abroad, depending on factors such as the employee's citizenship, the employer's location, and the nature of the employment relationship.

The Elliott-Larsen Civil Rights Act covers a broad range of individuals and entities involved in various aspects of public life in Michigan, including:

• Individuals: The act protects individuals from discrimination based on protected characteristics, such as race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, height, weight, familial status, or marital status, regardless of their status as employees, tenants, customers, or service recipients.
• Employers: The act applies to employers of all sizes, including private employers, labor organizations, employment agencies, and state and local government employers. It covers employment-related practices, such as hiring, firing, promotion, compensation, and terms and conditions of employment.
• Housing providers: The act applies to landlords, real estate agents, property managers, homeowners' associations, and other housing providers engaged in rental, sale, financing, or other housing-related activities.
• Public accommodations: The act applies to places of public accommodation, including restaurants, hotels, theaters, retail stores, banks, healthcare facilities, and recreational facilities, regardless of their size or ownership status.

Section 1983 allows lawsuits against:

State or local government officials, such as police officers, correctional officers, or public school employees

Municipalities, under certain circumstances, if the violation resulted from an official policy or custom It does not allow lawsuits against federal officials unless combined with a Bivens action (a similar legal claim for federal violations).

The Matt Weiss U of M data breach case is unfolding fast—and it’s serious. Weiss, a former U of M assistant football coach, was investigated for unauthorized access to university email accounts tied to student-athlete data and sensitive university communications.

U of M confirmed that the breach involved “unauthorized access of high-profile accounts.” The FBI, along with U of M police, is involved.

This isn’t just a football scandal—it could be a violation of federal privacy laws, including the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) and Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), depending on what data was accessed.

If you’re a student-athlete or affiliated party and suspect your info was compromised, you may be a victim of a privacy violation—and you may have legal recourse.

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Title VII applies to a wide range of employers and entities involved in the employment relationship, including:

• Private employers: Title VII covers private employers with 15 or more employees, including corporations, partnerships, sole proprietorships, and other business entities engaged in commerce or industry.
• Federal, state, and local governments: Title VII applies to federal, state, and local government employers, including executive agencies, legislative bodies, and judicial branches, regardless of the number of employees.
• Employment agencies: Title VII applies to employment agencies, including temporary staffing agencies, recruiting firms, and placement services, that facilitate employment opportunities for job seekers.
• Labor organizations: Title VII applies to labor organizations, including unions and employee associations, that represent employees in collective bargaining negotiations or other employment-related matters.

In the United States, it is illegal to discriminate against individuals on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age, disability, or religion. Other states may provide additional protections against discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity.

Section 1983 claims typically address violations of constitutional rights, such as:

Excessive use of force by law enforcement (Fourth Amendment)

Denial of due process or equal protection (Fourteenth Amendment)

Violations of freedom of speech or religion (First Amendment)

Cruel and unusual punishment (Eighth Amendment)

Civil rights lawyers handle cases related to discrimination, police misconduct, excessive force, jail or prison abuse or deaths, workplace harassment, and other issues related to the violation of civil rights. Some examples include but are not limited to:

-Unlawful arrest and/or wrongful conviction

-Law enforcement misconduct and brutality

-Unlawful search and seizures

-Unconstitutional jail conditions

-Hate crimes

-Whistleblower legal rights and protection

-Freedom of speech and association infractions

-Voter discrimination and unlawful elections practices They may represent individuals who have been the victims of these types of violations or advocacy groups that work to protect civil rights.

If you were a student-athlete at the University of Michigan between 2015 and 2023, and used the Keffer Development Athletic Trainer System (ATS) or believe your private data (such as messages, photos, or medical info) was compromised, you may be eligible to join the class action lawsuit. You can contact Marko Law for a free and confidential case evaluation to determine your legal rights.

If you experience discrimination in the workplace, you should report it to your employer or human resources department. If they do not take appropriate action, you may need to speak with a civil rights lawyer to protect your rights.

The Elliott-Larsen Civil Rights Act provides several remedies for individuals who have experienced discrimination in Michigan, including:

• Injunctive relief: Court-ordered remedies, such as injunctions, restraining orders, or policy changes, aimed at preventing future discrimination and restoring the rights of the aggrieved individual.
• Compensatory damages: Monetary compensation for economic and non-economic losses resulting from the discrimination, such as lost wages, emotional distress, pain and suffering, and other harms.
• Punitive damages: Additional monetary awards intended to punish the discriminator and deter future acts of discrimination, particularly in cases involving intentional or egregious misconduct.
• Attorney's fees and costs: Reimbursement of reasonable attorney's fees and litigation costs incurred by the aggrieved individual in pursuing legal remedies for the discrimination.

Title VII provides several remedies for individuals who have experienced employment discrimination, including:

• Back pay: Compensation for lost wages and benefits resulting from the discriminatory action, such as denial of a promotion or wrongful termination.
• Front pay: Compensation for anticipated future earnings lost as a result of the discrimination, such as if the employee cannot return to their previous position.
• Compensatory damages: Monetary compensation for emotional distress, pain and suffering, or other non-economic harm caused by the discrimination.
• Punitive damages: Additional monetary awards intended to punish the employer for particularly egregious or willful acts of discrimination.

Racial profiling occurs when law enforcement actions are based on:

• Race
• Ethnicity
• National origin

—not on legitimate suspicion.

Examples include:

• Stopping someone “because they looked suspicious”
• Disproportionate stops of Black or Brown drivers
• Escalating encounters without cause

These actions may violate Michigan civil rights protections and federal law.

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Excessive force is more than just a rough arrest—it’s when law enforcement goes too far beyond what’s necessary. Under Section 1983 of the Civil Rights Act, you can sue when:

• You’re tased, tackled, or beaten after complying
• Officers use force disproportionate to the situation
• You’re injured in jail or during a stop without cause

Real case? Marko Law filed suit after Madison Heights police tased and tackled a 74-year-old man during a neighbor dispute. That’s excessive—and it’s unacceptable.

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Title VII provides several key protections to employees in the workplace, including:

• Prohibition of discrimination: Title VII prohibits employers from discriminating against employees or job applicants on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in any aspect of employment, including hiring, firing, promotion, compensation, and other terms and conditions of employment.
• Harassment prevention: Title VII prohibits harassment based on protected characteristics, such as unwelcome sexual advances, offensive remarks about a person's race or religion, or other conduct that creates a hostile work environment.
• Reasonable accommodation: Title VII requires employers to provide reasonable accommodations for employees' religious beliefs or practices, unless doing so would impose an undue hardship on the employer's business.

Victims of excessive force can file a lawsuit under Section 1983 of the U.S. Code, claiming a violation of their constitutional rights. Remedies may include:

-Compensatory damages for medical bills, lost wages, and emotional distress.

-Punitive damages to punish egregious misconduct.

-Injunctive relief to change law enforcement practices.

In the United States, civil rights are protected by a variety of federal and state laws, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the Fair Housing Act. In Michigan, various laws also apply including Michigan’s Elliot-Larsen Civil Rights Act.

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark federal law in the United States that prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. It was enacted as part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, and is one of the most significant pieces of legislation aimed at promoting equal opportunity and combating discrimination in the workplace. Title VII applies to employers with 15 or more employees, labor organizations, and employment agencies, and it covers a wide range of employment practices, including hiring, firing, promotion, compensation, and other terms and conditions of employment.

Getting tased by police isn’t just painful—it can be traumatizing and unconstitutional.

You may have a civil rights claim under 42 U.S.C. §1983 if the tasing was:

• Excessive force,
• Unjustified,
• Done after you were subdued or posed no threat.

Police may claim “qualified immunity.” We don’t let that stop us.

Jon Marko has fought and won high-profile excessive force cases across Michigan. We've handled tasing, beatings, and more—check our verdicts.

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The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is the federal agency responsible for enforcing Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and other federal laws prohibiting employment discrimination. The EEOC's role in enforcing Title VII includes:

• Investigating discrimination charges: The EEOC investigates charges of employment discrimination filed by individuals against employers covered by Title VII, including conducting interviews, gathering evidence, and analyzing allegations of discrimination.
• Facilitating mediation and conciliation: The EEOC may attempt to resolve discrimination charges through mediation or conciliation, allowing parties to reach mutually agreeable resolutions without litigation.
• Issuing determinations: After completing an investigation, the EEOC issues determinations regarding the validity of discrimination charges and whether there is reasonable cause to believe discrimination occurred.
• Providing enforcement guidance: The EEOC offers guidance and resources to employers and employees regarding their rights and responsibilities under Title VII and other anti-discrimination laws.

The Persons With Disabilities Civil Rights Act (PWDCRA) is a Michigan law designed to protect individuals with disabilities from discrimination in key areas of daily life, including employment, housing, public accommodations, education, and access to services. Passed in 1976, the PWDCRA ensures that individuals with disabilities have the same rights and opportunities as those without disabilities.

The Act is a state-level civil rights law, meaning it applies specifically to Michigan residents and businesses operating in the state. It is similar to the federal Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) but has its own provisions that sometimes offer broader protections. The law holds employers, landlords, businesses, schools, and government entities accountable for ensuring accessibility and fairness.

At its core, the PWDCRA is about removing barriers—whether physical, procedural, or attitudinal—to ensure that people with disabilities are fully included in society.

The Michigan Elliott-Larsen Civil Rights Act is a state law enacted in 1976 that prohibits discrimination in employment, housing, public accommodations, and public services based on certain protected characteristics. Named after former state representatives Daisy Elliott and Melvin Larsen, the act was Michigan's response to the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Elliott-Larsen Act reflects Michigan's commitment to promoting equal opportunity and preventing discrimination in various aspects of public life. It serves as a cornerstone of Michigan's civil rights laws, aiming to ensure fairness, equity, and dignity for all residents of the state.

The Federal Employers Liability Act (FELA) is a U.S. federal law enacted in 1908 to protect and compensate railroad workers who are injured on the job due to their employer's negligence. Unlike workers' compensation, FELA requires proof of fault and provides broader compensation options.

The primary purpose of Executive Order 11246 is to ensure that federal contractors and subcontractors provide equal employment opportunities regardless of race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, or national origin. The order requires affirmative action to eliminate discrimination and promote workforce diversity in federal contracting.

Key Provisions:

Non-discrimination Requirements: Employers cannot engage in discriminatory hiring, promotions, pay, or termination practices.

Affirmative Action Plans (AAPs): Contractors meeting certain criteria must actively develop and implement affirmative action programs to ensure diverse hiring and workplace equity.

Reporting & Compliance: Employers must document workforce demographics, submit reports, and undergo compliance reviews conducted by the OFCCP.

This order reinforces Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 but specifically applies to businesses that contract with the federal government, ensuring that taxpayer-funded jobs promote fairness and inclusion.

The Fair Housing Act (FHA) is a federal law that protects people from housing discrimination based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, disability, and familial status (having children under 18 or being pregnant). In Michigan, state law offers additional protections, such as against discrimination based on age or marital status.

This means that landlords, real estate agents, mortgage lenders, and property managers cannot treat you unfairly because of these characteristics. If you suspect discrimination, you have legal options to challenge it.

Section 1983 is a federal statute that provides individuals with a legal avenue to sue for violations of their constitutional rights or federal laws by someone acting "under color of" state or local law. It is often used to address civil rights violations by government officials or entities.

Police misconduct refers to any inappropriate or illegal behavior by law enforcement officials, including excessive force, illegal search and seizures, racial profiling, denial of medical attention, false arrests and coercive interrogations.

Discrimination refers to any unfair treatment of an individual based on their race, gender, religion, or other personal characteristics. Examples of discrimination may include being denied housing or employment opportunities, being paid less than others for the same work, or being subjected to harassment or hostile work conditions.

Excessive force refers to the use of force by law enforcement officers that is beyond what is reasonably necessary to subdue a suspect, control a situation, or protect themselves or others. It violates constitutional rights, particularly under the Fourth Amendment, which protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.

Depending on the circumstances of your case, you may be able to recover damages for lost wages, medical expenses, emotional distress, and other losses related to the violation of your civil rights. In some cases, you may also be able to recover punitive damages, which are intended to punish the defendant for their actions.

Common defenses include:

Qualified immunity, which protects government officials from liability unless they violated "clearly established" rights that a reasonable person would know.

The plaintiff's failure to prove that the defendant acted under color of law.

Lack of a direct causal link between the defendant’s actions and the alleged violation.

"Under color of law" refers to actions taken by government officials, such as police officers or public employees, in their official capacity or while using their authority. Even if the action was illegal or unauthorized, it can still qualify under Section 1983 if the person acted with the appearance of official authority.

Retaliation is often subtle—but it’s illegal.

Common warning signs include:

• Sudden negative performance reviews
• Being excluded from meetings or projects
• Schedule changes, demotions, or pay cuts
• Increased discipline for minor issues
• Termination shortly after you complained

If the timing feels suspicious, it probably is. Retaliation doesn’t have to be obvious to be unlawful.

If you believe that you've been the victim of police misconduct, you should speak with a civil rights lawyer as soon as possible. They can help you file a complaint with the appropriate authorities and may be able to help you recover damages for any injuries or losses you've suffered.

If your rights were violated, you may be able to pursue compensation for:

Emotional distress Invasion of privacy Violation of your digital and personal security Any harm caused by the exposure or misuse of your information Marko Law is seeking accountability, justice, and real change—and we're here to fight for you.

Discrimination under Title VII occurs when an employer treats an employee or job applicant unfavorably because of their race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Discriminatory actions can take many forms, including:

• Refusing to hire or promote an individual based on their protected characteristics.
• Paying employees of different races or genders different wages for substantially similar work.
• Subjecting employees to harassment or a hostile work environment based on their protected characteristics.

Examples of excessive force include:

-Using physical force (e.g., punching, kicking, or using batons) on a non-threatening or subdued individual.

-Deploying tasers or pepper spray on individuals who are not resisting.

-Using deadly force, such as shooting, when the suspect does not pose an imminent threat.

-Improper use of chokeholds or other restraint techniques.

You have legal options—both criminal and civil.

• Criminal charges are filed by the prosecutor. But that doesn’t get you compensated.
• A civil lawsuit allows you to seek justice through damages—for your pain, medical bills, lost income, and emotional trauma.

If the assault happened at a:

• Bar or club with poor security,
• Public event with no crowd control,
• School, park, or transit system…

You may also have a claim against the property owner or event organizer under negligent security laws.

During a traffic stop, you have the right to remain silent and the right to refuse searches. You should also remain calm and comply with any lawful orders from the officer.

Civil rights refer to the basic rights and freedoms that are guaranteed to all citizens by law, regardless of their race, gender, religion, nationality, or any other characteristic. In the United States, civil rights are protected by a variety of federal and state laws. Some of the most important federal laws include the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the Fair Housing Act. State laws may also provide additional protections for civil rights, such as Michigan’s Elliot-Larsen Civil Rights Act, which provides additional protections. While the specific list of civil rights may vary depending on the country and its laws, here are nine of the most commonly recognized civil rights associated with the United States: Right to be free from excessive force: Under the Fourth Amendment , anyone in the United States, citizen or not, has the constitutional right to be free from excessive force by police officers, sheriff's deputies, highway patrol officers, federal agents, and other law enforcement officials. Right to freedom of speech: This right ensures that individuals can express their opinions and ideas freely without fear of retaliation or censorship. Right to freedom of religion: This right allows individuals to practice their religion freely and without interference from the government or other individuals. Right to freedom of the press: This right protects the freedom of the press to report on news and events without fear of censorship or repression. Right to freedom of assembly: This right allows individuals to gather together and protest peacefully without fear of retaliation or persecution. Right to equal protection under the law: This right ensures that everyone is treated equally under the law, regardless of their race, gender, religion, or any other characteristic. Right to due process: This right ensures that individuals are treated fairly and impartially in legal proceedings, and that they have the right to a fair trial. Right to privacy: This right protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures, and ensures that their personal information is kept private. Right to be Free From Cruel and Unusual Punishment: This right protects prisoners from cruel and unusual punishment, which includes excessive force in prison and requires prisons and jails to provide basic medical care. This right is also implicated if a prisoner is sexually assaulted or commits suicide.

Yes—and Marko Law is deeply involved.

We represent U of M student-athletes and others affected by the massive data breach that exposed sensitive personal information. This isn’t just about stolen data—it’s about violated trust, emotional harm, and long-term risk.

If you:

• Attended U of M
• Received medical care there
• Were notified of the breach

…you may still be eligible to join the lawsuit. But time may be limited. Reach out now for a free evaluation and to protect your rights.

Here’s the truth: It costs you nothing upfront.

We work on a contingency fee basis—you don’t pay unless we win.

That means:

• No hourly billing
• No retainers
• No surprise invoices

When we win your case, we take a percentage of the recovery—only then do we get paid. It aligns our interests with yours. And it gives every person—regardless of income—access to top-tier legal firepower.

Yes—and Marko Law is actively involved.

Jon Marko serves on the Plaintiffs’ Executive Committee in the class-action lawsuit against the University of Michigan related to student-athlete data breaches and sexual abuse. This includes high-profile privacy violations tied to institutional failures.

If your personal data was accessed—email, financial info, or student-athlete records—you may qualify for damages including credit monitoring, emotional distress, and financial loss.

No. Accessing private student data without authorization is a serious violation of federal laws including the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA), the Stored Communications Act, and potentially Title IX. It can also violate Michigan’s civil rights and identity theft protection laws. If this happened to you, you may have a strong legal claim.

Not necessarily. Even if you submitted your information as part of your athletic participation, that does not give others the right to access or misuse it. The law protects you against unauthorized access and misuse, especially when it involves private, sensitive, or intimate information. Waivers don’t excuse violations of federal privacy laws

The timeline for a settlement can vary significantly, depending on the complexity of the case, the evidence available, and the willingness of both parties to negotiate. It may take anywhere from a few months to over a year.

The statute of limitations for filing a civil rights lawsuit varies depending on the state and the specific circumstances of the case. It's important to consult with a civil rights lawyer as soon as possible to ensure that you don't miss any deadlines. View here for Michigan Legislature <a href="http://legislature.mi.gov/doc.aspx?mcl-600-5805">http://legislature.mi.gov/doc.aspx?mcl-600-5805</a>

Excessive force is evaluated based on the "reasonableness" standard established in the Supreme Court case Graham v. Connor (1989). Courts consider factors such as:

-The severity of the crime at issue.

-Whether the suspect posed an immediate threat to the safety of officers or others.

-Whether the suspect was actively resisting arrest or attempting to flee.

Unlike workers' compensation, which is a no-fault system, FELA requires railroad employees to prove that their employer's negligence contributed to their injury. However, FELA often provides higher compensation for damages, including pain and suffering, compared to workers' compensation.

At Marko Law, our team of licensed Michigan attorneys has decades of courtroom and settlement experience. Unlike unqualified “advisors,” we:

• Are licensed and regulated by the State Bar of Michigan.
• Handle everything from personal injury to civil rights and employment law.
• Fight relentlessly to protect your rights—backed by a proven record of multi-million dollar verdicts and settlements.

If you or someone you know has been misled by unlicensed legal services, call us immediately at (313) 777-7777 or visit Marko Law’s Civil Rights Practice.

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If you believe a police officer abused their power, you have the right to speak up.

Here’s how to file a complaint:

1. Go to the department’s Internal Affairs unit—most departments in Michigan have one.
2. Submit your complaint in writing. Include dates, times, badge numbers (if known), witnesses, and any evidence.
3. Follow up. Departments are required to investigate—but that doesn’t always mean justice is served.

If your complaint involves excessive force, racial profiling, illegal search, or injury, filing an internal report is just the first step. You may have a legal claim under Section 1983 of the Civil Rights Act (https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/1983).

At Marko Law, we’ve sued police departments across Michigan—including for taser abuse, wrongful arrests, and more. We know their playbook—and we don’t back down.

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If you believe that your civil rights have been violated, it's important to speak with an experienced civil rights lawyer. They can evaluate your situation and determine if you have a viable legal claim. Examples of civil rights violations may include being discriminated against in housing or employment, being the victim of police brutality, or being denied the right to vote.

If you believe you have experienced employment discrimination covered by Title VII, you can file a discrimination complaint with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), the federal agency responsible for enforcing Title VII. To file a complaint, you typically must:

• Submit a charge of discrimination with the EEOC: You can file a charge of discrimination with the EEOC by completing an intake questionnaire or contacting your local EEOC office within the applicable time frame.
• Provide information about the alleged discrimination: When filing a charge, you'll need to provide details about the discriminatory conduct, including the dates, individuals involved, and any relevant evidence or documentation.

If you believe you have experienced discrimination covered by the Elliott-Larsen Civil Rights Act in Michigan, you can file a discrimination complaint with the Michigan Department of Civil Rights (MDCR) or the federal Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), depending on the nature of the alleged discrimination. Here's how to file a complaint:

• Contact the MDCR or EEOC: You can file a discrimination complaint with the MDCR or EEOC by contacting their offices directly or visiting their websites to access online complaint forms and instructions.
• Provide information about the discrimination: When filing a complaint, you'll need to provide detailed information about the alleged discrimination, including the dates, individuals involved, and specific incidents or actions that occurred.
• Cooperate with the investigation: After receiving your complaint, the MDCR or EEOC will investigate the allegations, gather evidence, and attempt to resolve the matter through mediation or other informal methods.

It’s simple. Fill out the secure form on Marko Law’s website or call +13137777777. We’ll review your situation at no cost, explain your rights, and let you know what steps you can take to protect yourself and possibly join the lawsuit.

Ask yourself:

-Were you treated differently at work, school, or by the government because of your race, gender, religion, disability, or sexual orientation?

-Were you retaliated against after speaking up—like being demoted, fired, or harassed?

-Were you abused or mistreated by police—through excessive force, wrongful arrest, or discriminatory behavior?

Michigan’s Elliott-Larsen Civil Rights Act and federal laws like Title VII protect you from this kind of injustice. If it feels wrong, it probably is.

At Marko Law, we’ve taken on cities, school districts, and major corporations. And we’ve won record-breaking verdicts doing it. Our Team doesn’t flinch when civil rights are on the line.

Yes, officers often invoke qualified immunity as a defense. This legal doctrine shields officers from liability unless the plaintiff can show that the officer violated a "clearly established" constitutional right that a reasonable officer would have known about.

It is possible to file a civil rights lawsuit on your own, but it's generally not recommended. Civil rights cases can be complex and require a thorough understanding of the law and legal procedures. It's best to work with an experienced civil rights attorney, such as Jon Marko, who can help you navigate the process and ensure that your rights are protected.

No, it is illegal for an employer to retaliate against an employee for filing a civil rights lawsuit or complaining about discrimination. If you believe that you've been retaliated against for exercising your civil rights, you should speak with Marko Law Firm.

Yes, there are specific time limits, known as statutes of limitations, for filing Title VII discrimination complaints with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). The time limits vary depending on the type of discrimination alleged and the jurisdiction where the alleged discrimination occurred. Generally, individuals must file a charge of discrimination with the EEOC within 180 or 300 days of the alleged discriminatory action, depending on whether there is a state or local fair employment practices agency that enforces laws prohibiting discrimination. Failing to file a charge within the applicable time limit may result in the loss of your right to pursue legal remedies for the discrimination. It's essential to consult with an attorney or contact the EEOC promptly if you believe you have experienced discrimination covered by Title VII to ensure compliance with the filing deadlines.

If you were a student-athlete or had sensitive data stored with the University of Michigan and were impacted by the data breach—you may qualify.

These cases hinge on:

Whether your personally identifiable information (PII) was accessed or leaked

If you've experienced fraud, identity theft, or other harm

Whether you're included in the defined class of impacted individuals

Attorney Jon Marko has served on the Plaintiffs’ Executive Committee in major class action litigation—including the U of M sexual abuse case that settled for $490 million.