Every parent sends their child to school expecting safety, structure, and supervision—not bruises, broken bones, or emotional scars. Schools are supposed to be places of learning, not places where negligence or misconduct causes harm.

But the reality is this: injuries at school happen. And when they do, the system doesn’t always do right by your family.

Whether it’s a playground fall, a physical assault by another student, or an injury caused by careless supervision, the aftermath can leave you feeling overwhelmed and powerless. Schools may avoid taking responsibility. Reports may go missing. Staff may downplay what happened.

Michigan law allows parents to seek accountability when a school’s failure causes harm. There are legal paths forward—but they aren’t always easy to navigate. From government immunity laws to strict timelines, these cases are full of challenges. But they’re also full of opportunities for justice.

If your child has been hurt at school, you don’t have to stay silent. There are steps you can take to protect your child, hold the right people accountable, and make sure this doesn’t happen to someone else’s kid tomorrow.

Your Child’s Rights Under Federal and State Laws

Federal Protections

Section 1983 – Civil Rights Violations & Excessive Force

Under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, parents can sue school officials for violating a child’s constitutional rights—including unreasonable searches, seizures, and the use of excessive force.

If a teacher, coach, or school resource officer uses inappropriate physical restraint, abusive discipline, or ignores due process in disciplinary actions, this law provides a direct path to justice.

Title IX – Sex/Gender Discrimination & Harassment

Title IX doesn’t just apply to college athletes. It protects all students—from K-12 through higher education—from discrimination based on sex or gender.

That includes:

• Sexual harassment or assault by staff or other students
• Unequal treatment in school activities or sports
• School officials ignoring reports of harassment

IDEA and Section 504 – Disability Rights

Students with disabilities are protected under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.

These laws require schools to provide:

• Proper accommodations (504 Plans)
• Individualized Education Programs (IEPs)
• Safe, non-discriminatory learning environments

Michigan State Protections

Elliott-Larsen Civil Rights Act

This law prohibits discrimination in Michigan schools based on race, religion, national origin, gender, and more. It can be a powerful tool if your child was mistreated or ignored due to bias or identity.

Michigan Anti-Bullying Law

Michigan law requires schools to have anti-bullying policies and take meaningful action when a student is being targeted. If the school knew about the bullying and failed to intervene, they may be liable for any resulting harm.

Mandated Reporting Obligations

Every teacher, coach, counselor, and school staff member in Michigan is a mandatory reporter. That means they are legally required to report suspected abuse or neglect to child protective services.

Governmental Immunity in Michigan: What It Means for Public Schools

If your child was injured at a public school, you’re not just dealing with school administrators—you’re up against the law itself.

That’s because in Michigan, public schools and their employees are protected by something called governmental immunity under MCL 691.1407. This legal doctrine can block lawsuits against schools and their staff—even when a child is seriously hurt.

Governmental immunity protects public entities (like school districts) and their employees from being sued for actions performed during the course of their job—unless certain strict exceptions apply. It’s designed to shield public agencies from constant litigation, but unfortunately, it can also prevent families from getting justice when something goes wrong.

When Immunity Doesn’t Apply

Michigan law carves out specific exceptions where public schools can be held liable. These include:

• Gross Negligence: More than just carelessness. The conduct must show a reckless disregard for a student’s safety. For example, if a teacher allows dangerous horseplay in gym class or ignores a serious medical need.
• Public Building Exception: If your child was injured due to a hazardous condition in the school’s building—like a broken stairwell, faulty door, or crumbling ceiling—the school may be held responsible for failing to maintain safe premises.
• Civil Rights Violations: If a student is harmed due to discrimination, excessive force, or violations of their constitutional rights (e.g., due process, Title IX), immunity may not apply.

Who Can Be Held Legally Responsible?

School Districts or Public Charter Schools

Public schools are government entities, which means they’re protected by a legal shield called governmental immunity. This doesn’t mean they’re untouchable—but it does make suing them more complex.

To hold a public school liable, you typically must show:

• Gross negligence (not just carelessness, but reckless disregard for safety)
• Failure to maintain a public building, such as crumbling stairs or unsafe railings
• Violations of a student’s constitutional or civil rights

Private Schools

Private schools don’t enjoy the same immunity as public ones. They can often be sued under more traditional negligence theories. If a private school failed to provide proper supervision, allowed unsafe conditions, or didn’t respond to known risks, they may be fully liable for your child’s injury.

Teachers, Coaches, and School Staff

Individual school employees can also be held responsible—especially if their actions went beyond poor judgment and into gross negligence or abuse. Examples include:

• A coach forcing a child to play through an injury
• A teacher physically restraining a student inappropriately
• A staff member ignoring repeated bullying complaints

Bus Companies or Drivers

School transportation providers have a duty to keep students safe. If a bus driver causes a crash, doesn’t secure a child properly, or allows unsafe behavior, they can be held liable—along with the company or school district that employs them.

For outsourced bus services, the private company may bear direct responsibility.

Outside Vendors and Contractors

Many schools outsource maintenance, food services, security, and construction. If a child is injured due to the actions (or inaction) of one of these vendors—such as a janitor leaving a slippery floor unmarked or a contractor leaving dangerous tools unattended—that company can be held accountable.

When You Can Sue a School or Staff Member

The Injury Was Due to Gross Negligence

Michigan law sets a high bar for suing public schools or employees. You must prove more than a simple mistake. You need to show gross negligence—a reckless disregard for student safety.

Examples include:

• A gym teacher ignoring repeated warnings about broken equipment
• A staff member leaving children unsupervised during recess
• A bus driver texting while transporting students

This isn’t about “bad judgment.” It’s about putting kids at risk in a way no responsible adult should.

The School Failed to Protect Your Child From Known Dangers

Schools have a legal duty to act when they know—or should know—that a danger exists. If a student is being bullied, if playground equipment is visibly broken, or if prior incidents have gone unaddressed, the school can be held responsible for ignoring the risk.

Failure to act on known threats is a major legal failure—and it can open the door to a strong lawsuit.

There Was a Civil Rights Violation or Discrimination

When harm is tied to your child’s race, gender, disability, or other protected status, it may rise beyond negligence and become a civil rights violation.

This includes:

• Racially motivated discipline or harassment
• Sexual harassment ignored under Title IX
• Schools failing to provide services under a 504 Plan or IEP
• Retaliation against a student who reported mistreatment

Civil rights claims are powerful tools. They not only seek compensation but can also push for real institutional change.

An Employee Used Excessive Force or Committed Abuse

No school employee—teacher, principal, coach, or staff—has the right to harm your child. If an adult at school:

• Physically restrained a student inappropriately
• Used force as discipline
• Verbally or emotionally abused a child
• Engaged in any form of assault or misconduct

...that crosses the line into personal injury, civil rights violations, or even criminal behavior.

Your Child Deserves Safety—and Justice

No one can rewind time and undo your child’s pain. But holding the right people accountable can stop it from happening again—to your child or someone else’s.

Whether your child was hurt because of gross negligence, bullying, unsafe conditions, or abuse by a trusted adult, you don’t have to settle for silence. You don’t have to accept excuses. And you absolutely don’t have to take the first offer an insurance company throws at you.

At Marko Law, we understand how emotional, overwhelming, and infuriating these cases can be. That’s why we bring more than legal skill—we bring tenacity, empathy, and a relentless drive to protect Michigan families.

Contact Marko Law for a Free Case Evaluation

📞 Phone: 1-833-MARKO-LAW or 1-313-777-7LAW 📍 Office: 220 W. Congress, 4th Floor, Detroit, MI 48226
🌐 Website: www.markolaw.com
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